Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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def
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a protocol for polling network devices (servers, firewalls, workstations, switches, routers) for statistics, stored in a database called the MIB (Management Information Base), which contains OIDs (Object Identifiers)
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how it works
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polls devices over UDP/161 at fixed intervals, producing historical performance graphs
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SNMP traps
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instead of waiting to be polled, a monitored device can be configured to send an alert (a "trap," over UDP/162) when a defined threshold is crossed — e.g., a spike in CRC errors — letting the monitoring station react immediately
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