Integrity
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def
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data is stored and transferred as intended — any modification to the data would be identified
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how it's protected
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hashing — maps data of arbitrary length to data of a fixed length; any change to the data changes the hash
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digital signatures — a mathematical scheme to verify the integrity of data
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certificates — combine with a digital signature to verify an individual
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non-repudiation — provides proof of integrity that can be asserted to be genuine
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