Firmware
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def
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the embedded software running inside a hardware device — effectively that device's operating system
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challenge
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only the vendor can fix their own hardware's firmware — assuming they're aware of the problem and choose to fix it
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example
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Trane Comfortlink II smart thermostats had 3 vulnerabilities reported in April 2014; two were patched in April 2015, and the third in January 2016
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related